Toward Understanding Base-Catalyzed Isomerization of Saccharides

This Perspective addresses recent advances in isomerization of aldoses into ketoses catalyzed by bases. In years, catalytic activity a number bases was reported, but the structure–performance correlations are typically missing or remain poorly understood. this Perspective, reaction mechanism and kinetics base-catalyzed discussed. An overview products obtained via transformations d-glucose (Glc), d-lactose (Lac), d-galactose (Gal), aldopentoses d-ribose (Rib), d-arabinose (Ara), d-xylose (Xyl), d-lyxose (Lyx) is provided. Side reactions that occur under base conditions summarized. Catalysis soluble metal hydroxides general considered. Moreover, structure–selectivity relationships observed for as well methods stabilization complexation Influences organic (co-)solvents on acceleration rate aqueous phase presence salts–also referred to salt effect–are addressed. Next, solid applied catalysts considered with focus contributions homogeneous heterogeneous catalysis processes. The applicability filtration test contact tools estimate impact leached species onto critically